Languages spoken in Pakistan

82 living languages are mapped in Pakistan. The most widely spoken, by Unicode CLDR’s estimate, is Urdu (95% of the population). They belong to 4 language families, the largest being Indo-European (72 languages). One is a language isolate, with no known relatives.

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The filter only changes what is drawn. Tap the map to list every language at a spot, whichever family is shown. You can also pick any family from its own page.

Key

Language families (largest ten)

  • Atlantic-Congo
  • Austronesian
  • Sino-Tibetan
  • Indo-European
  • Afro-Asiatic
  • Nuclear Trans New Guinea
  • Otomanguean
  • Austroasiatic
  • Tai-Kadai
  • Pama-Nyungan

Everything else

  • All other families Smaller families, isolates and unclassified languages.
  • Point A language with no area map. The dot sits at its Glottolog position, in its family colour.

How to read the map. Each colour is a language family: a group of languages that share a common ancestor. The ten largest families have their own colour and every other family is grey. Areas are see-through, so where two languages share a place the colours mix. Tap anywhere to list every language whose area covers that spot. Areas are generalisations drawn from published atlases, many of them decades old, and cities are multilingual, so an area never says that everyone there speaks the language. A dot marks a language that has no area map. The family name is always given in words, because colour alone is hard to tell apart for some people.

Languages of Pakistan at a glance

  • 82living languages
  • 4language families
  • 252.4 millionpeople (CLDR estimate)
  • 21with a CLDR share

Tap the map to list every language whose area covers a spot in Pakistan. Areas are generalisations from published atlases and overlap, and a language that is mapped here is not necessarily spoken everywhere inside its area.

The 40 most widely spoken languages in Pakistan

Languages with a Unicode CLDR share come first, biggest first by estimated speakers; the rest follow A to Z. Estimated speakers are the share applied to CLDR’s own population figure for the country.

LanguageFamilyShare of populationEstimated speakersStatus
UrduIndo-European95%239,745,800Not endangered
Eastern PanjabiIndo-European70%176,654,800Not endangered
EnglishIndo-European50%126,182,000Not endangered
Western PanjabiIndo-European40%100,945,600Not endangered
Southern PashtoIndo-European16%40,378,240Not endangered
SindhiIndo-European15%37,854,600Not endangered
SaraikiIndo-European12%30,283,680Not endangered
Southern BalochiIndo-European2.6%6,561,464Not endangered
Northern HindkoIndo-European1.7%4,290,188Not endangered
BrahuiDravidian1.3%3,280,732Threatened
Western FarsiIndo-European0.7%1,665,602Not endangered
Western BalochiIndo-European0.6%1,438,475Not endangered
Southern HindkoIndo-European0.4%1,034,692Not endangered
TajikIndo-European0.3%832,801Not endangered
GujariIndo-European0.2%504,728Not endangered
BaltiSino-Tibetan0.2%454,255Not endangered
Parkari KoliIndo-European0.2%403,782Not endangered
KhowarIndo-European0.2%378,546Not endangered
Indus KohistaniIndo-European0.1%353,310Threatened
Kachi KoliIndo-European0.1%277,600Not endangered
Wadiyara KoliIndo-European0.1%277,600Not endangered
AerIndo-EuropeanShifting
BagriIndo-EuropeanNot endangered
BateriIndo-EuropeanThreatened
BhadrawahiIndo-EuropeanThreatened
BhayaIndo-EuropeanShifting
BurushaskiIsolateShifting
Central PashtoIndo-EuropeanNot endangered
ChilissoIndo-EuropeanShifting
Chitral KalashaIndo-EuropeanShifting
DameliIndo-EuropeanThreatened
DariIndo-EuropeanNot endangered
DehwariIndo-EuropeanNot endangered
DhatkiIndo-EuropeanNot endangered
DogriIndo-EuropeanNot endangered
DomaakiIndo-EuropeanMoribund
Eastern BalochiIndo-EuropeanNot endangered
Gawar-BatiIndo-EuropeanThreatened
GawriIndo-EuropeanShifting
GheraIndo-EuropeanNot endangered

Read more: where is Urdu spoken?

Language families in Pakistan

All 82 languages in Pakistan, A to Z

About these numbers

The list of languages in Pakistan comes from the overlap of Glottography and Glottolog language areas and positions with the country outline, together with the languages Glottolog assigns to the country. The shares come from Unicode CLDR release 48 and are estimates. See every source and licence.

Questions about languages in Pakistan

How many languages are spoken in Pakistan?

82 living languages are mapped in Pakistan, from 4 families, plus 1 language isolate. The number depends on how a catalogue decides where one language ends and another begins, so other sources give other totals.

What is the most spoken language in Pakistan?

By Unicode CLDR's estimate, Urdu is spoken by 95% of the population, about 239,745,800 people, followed by Eastern Panjabi (70%). Shares are approximate, can add up to more than 100% because many people speak several languages, and only cover languages CLDR has a figure for.

Which language families are found in Pakistan?

Indo-European (72 languages), Sino-Tibetan (5 languages), Turkic (3 languages) and Dravidian (1 language).

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