World Language Map

Where is Turkmen spoken?

Turkmen (تۆرکمنچه) is a Turkic language, spoken in Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq and 4 more. The outlined area on the map shows where.

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The filter only changes what is drawn. Tap the map to list every language at a spot, whichever family is shown. You can also pick any family from its own page.

Key

Language families (largest ten)

  • Atlantic-Congo
  • Austronesian
  • Sino-Tibetan
  • Indo-European
  • Afro-Asiatic
  • Nuclear Trans New Guinea
  • Otomanguean
  • Austroasiatic
  • Tai-Kadai
  • Pama-Nyungan

Everything else

  • All other families Smaller families, isolates and unclassified languages.
  • Point A language with no area map. The dot sits at its Glottolog position, in its family colour.

How to read the map. Each colour is a language family: a group of languages that share a common ancestor. The ten largest families have their own colour and every other family is grey. Areas are see-through, so where two languages share a place the colours mix. Tap anywhere to list every language whose area covers that spot. Areas are generalisations drawn from published atlases, many of them decades old, and cities are multilingual, so an area never says that everyone there speaks the language. A dot marks a language that has no area map. The family name is always given in words, because colour alone is hard to tell apart for some people.

Where Turkmen is spoken

Turkmen is spoken in 8 countries: Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq and 4 more. The table gives the share of each country’s people who speak it, from Unicode CLDR, where CLDR has a figure.

CountryShare of populationEstimated speakers
Turkmenistan70%4,020,905
Iran2.8%2,474,833
Afghanistan1.7%682,067
IraqNot givenNot given
PakistanNot givenNot given
TajikistanNot givenNot given
TurkeyNot givenNot given
UzbekistanNot givenNot given

Estimated speakers are the CLDR percentage applied to CLDR’s own population figure for the country, so they are rough. A country without a figure may still have speakers: it is listed because the language area, or Glottolog’s record, reaches it.

On the map, Turkmen is drawn as an area from Asher and Moseley 2007. The area was digitised by the Glottography project (doi:10.5281/zenodo.18613195), and the atlas is cited on the data sources page. Language areas are generalisations, and cities and borderlands are multilingual, so the outline does not mean that everyone inside it speaks Turkmen.

How many people speak Turkmen?

Wikidata gives about 16 million first-language speakers (Nationalencyklopedin, 2007). These figures are approximate: they come from different sources, years and definitions of a speaker.

Status: Not endangered. Glottolog lists it as not endangered: it is still being passed on to children.

Where Turkmen sits in the language family tree

Glottolog classifies Turkmen as follows, from the largest family down to the language itself.

  1. Turkic
  2. Common Turkic
  3. Oghuz
  4. Nuclear Oghuz
  5. East Oghuz
  6. Turkmen

Related languages

Other languages in the East Oghuz group:

More about Turkmen

Codes: ISO 639-3 tuk, Glottolog turk1304. Glottolog macroarea: Eurasia.

Questions about Turkmen

Where is Turkmen spoken?

Turkmen is spoken in Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq and 4 more. Unicode CLDR puts it at 70% of the population of Turkmenistan, which is about 4,020,905 people. On the map it is shown as an area from Asher and Moseley 2007.

How many people speak Turkmen?

Wikidata gives about 16 million first-language speakers (Nationalencyklopedin, 2007). Speaker numbers are approximate and differ between sources: counting who is a speaker, and whether to include second-language speakers, is not settled.

Which language family is Turkmen in?

Glottolog places Turkmen in the Turkic family, in the branch Common Turkic, Oghuz, Nuclear Oghuz and East Oghuz.

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