World Language Map

Languages spoken in Turkmenistan

11 living languages are mapped in Turkmenistan. The most widely spoken, by Unicode CLDR’s estimate, is Turkmen (70% of the population). They belong to 3 language families, the largest being Indo-European (6 languages).

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The filter only changes what is drawn. Tap the map to list every language at a spot, whichever family is shown. You can also pick any family from its own page.

Key

Language families (largest ten)

  • Atlantic-Congo
  • Austronesian
  • Sino-Tibetan
  • Indo-European
  • Afro-Asiatic
  • Nuclear Trans New Guinea
  • Otomanguean
  • Austroasiatic
  • Tai-Kadai
  • Pama-Nyungan

Everything else

  • All other families Smaller families, isolates and unclassified languages.
  • Point A language with no area map. The dot sits at its Glottolog position, in its family colour.

How to read the map. Each colour is a language family: a group of languages that share a common ancestor. The ten largest families have their own colour and every other family is grey. Areas are see-through, so where two languages share a place the colours mix. Tap anywhere to list every language whose area covers that spot. Areas are generalisations drawn from published atlases, many of them decades old, and cities are multilingual, so an area never says that everyone there speaks the language. A dot marks a language that has no area map. The family name is always given in words, because colour alone is hard to tell apart for some people.

Languages of Turkmenistan at a glance

  • 11living languages
  • 3language families
  • 5.7 millionpeople (CLDR estimate)
  • 5with a CLDR share

Tap the map to list every language whose area covers a spot in Turkmenistan. Areas are generalisations from published atlases and overlap, and a language that is mapped here is not necessarily spoken everywhere inside its area.

Languages spoken in Turkmenistan

Languages with a Unicode CLDR share come first, biggest first by estimated speakers; the rest follow A to Z. Estimated speakers are the share applied to CLDR’s own population figure for the country.

LanguageFamilyShare of populationEstimated speakersStatus
TurkmenTurkic70%4,020,905Not endangered
RussianIndo-European12%689,298Not endangered
Northern UzbekTurkic9%516,974Not endangered
Northern KurdishIndo-European0.4%22,977Threatened
Kara-KalpakTurkic0.1%5,744Not endangered
DariIndo-EuropeanNot endangered
DunganSino-TibetanThreatened
KazakhTurkicNot endangered
Southern PashtoIndo-EuropeanNot endangered
Western BalochiIndo-EuropeanNot endangered
Western FarsiIndo-EuropeanNot endangered

Read more: where is Turkmen spoken?

Language families in Turkmenistan

About these numbers

The list of languages in Turkmenistan comes from the overlap of Glottography and Glottolog language areas and positions with the country outline, together with the languages Glottolog assigns to the country. The shares come from Unicode CLDR release 48 and are estimates. See every source and licence.

Questions about languages in Turkmenistan

How many languages are spoken in Turkmenistan?

11 living languages are mapped in Turkmenistan, from 3 families. The number depends on how a catalogue decides where one language ends and another begins, so other sources give other totals.

What is the most spoken language in Turkmenistan?

By Unicode CLDR's estimate, Turkmen is spoken by 70% of the population, about 4,020,905 people, followed by Russian (12%). Shares are approximate, can add up to more than 100% because many people speak several languages, and only cover languages CLDR has a figure for.

Which language families are found in Turkmenistan?

Indo-European (6 languages), Turkic (4 languages) and Sino-Tibetan (1 language).

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