World Language Map

Where is Zimbabwean Ndebele spoken?

Zimbabwean Ndebele (Sindebele) is an Atlantic-Congo language, spoken in Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa and Zambia. The outlined area on the map shows where.

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Key

Language families (largest ten)

  • Atlantic-Congo
  • Austronesian
  • Sino-Tibetan
  • Indo-European
  • Afro-Asiatic
  • Nuclear Trans New Guinea
  • Otomanguean
  • Austroasiatic
  • Tai-Kadai
  • Pama-Nyungan

Everything else

  • All other families Smaller families, isolates and unclassified languages.
  • Point A language with no area map. The dot sits at its Glottolog position, in its family colour.

How to read the map. Each colour is a language family: a group of languages that share a common ancestor. The ten largest families have their own colour and every other family is grey. Areas are see-through, so where two languages share a place the colours mix. Tap anywhere to list every language whose area covers that spot. Areas are generalisations drawn from published atlases, many of them decades old, and cities are multilingual, so an area never says that everyone there speaks the language. A dot marks a language that has no area map. The family name is always given in words, because colour alone is hard to tell apart for some people.

Where Zimbabwean Ndebele is spoken

Zimbabwean Ndebele is spoken in 4 countries: Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa and Zambia. The table gives the share of each country’s people who speak it, from Unicode CLDR, where CLDR has a figure.

CountryShare of populationEstimated speakers
Zimbabwe12%2,058,048
BotswanaNot givenNot given
South AfricaNot givenNot given
ZambiaNot givenNot given

Estimated speakers are the CLDR percentage applied to CLDR’s own population figure for the country, so they are rough. A country without a figure may still have speakers: it is listed because the language area, or Glottolog’s record, reaches it.

On the map, Zimbabwean Ndebele is drawn as an area from Asher and Moseley 2007. The area was digitised by the Glottography project (doi:10.5281/zenodo.18613195), and the atlas is cited on the data sources page. Language areas are generalisations, and cities and borderlands are multilingual, so the outline does not mean that everyone inside it speaks Zimbabwean Ndebele.

How many people speak Zimbabwean Ndebele?

Wikidata gives about 1.6 million speakers (Wikidata, with no source given). These figures are approximate: they come from different sources, years and definitions of a speaker.

Status: Not endangered. Glottolog lists it as not endangered: it is still being passed on to children.

Where Zimbabwean Ndebele sits in the language family tree

Glottolog classifies Zimbabwean Ndebele as follows, from the largest family down to the language itself.

  1. Atlantic-Congo
  2. Volta-Congo
  3. Benue-Congo
  4. Bantoid
  5. Southern Bantoid
  6. Narrow Bantu
  7. East Bantu
  8. Southern Bantu
  9. Nuclear Southern Bantu
  10. Dimsuffix Southern Bantu
  11. Nguni-Tsonga-Copi
  12. Nguni (S.40)
  13. Nuclear Nguni
  14. Southern Ndebele-Lowland
  15. Swatic
  16. Zimbabwean Ndebele

Related languages

Other languages in the Swatic group:

  • Swati (2 million speakers)

More about Zimbabwean Ndebele

Codes: ISO 639-3 nde, Glottolog nort2795. Glottolog macroarea: Africa.

Questions about Zimbabwean Ndebele

Where is Zimbabwean Ndebele spoken?

Zimbabwean Ndebele is spoken in Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa and Zambia. Unicode CLDR puts it at 12% of the population of Zimbabwe, which is about 2,058,048 people. On the map it is shown as an area from Asher and Moseley 2007.

How many people speak Zimbabwean Ndebele?

Wikidata gives about 1.6 million speakers (Wikidata, with no source given). Speaker numbers are approximate and differ between sources: counting who is a speaker, and whether to include second-language speakers, is not settled.

Which language family is Zimbabwean Ndebele in?

Glottolog places Zimbabwean Ndebele in the Atlantic-Congo family, in the branch Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern Bantoid, Narrow Bantu, East Bantu, Southern Bantu, Nuclear Southern Bantu, Dimsuffix Southern Bantu, Nguni-Tsonga-Copi, Nguni (S.40), Nuclear Nguni, Southern Ndebele-Lowland and Swatic.

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