World Language Map

Where is Southern Sotho spoken?

Southern Sotho (Sesotho) is an Atlantic-Congo language, spoken in South Africa and Lesotho. The outlined area on the map shows where.

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Key

Language families (largest ten)

  • Atlantic-Congo
  • Austronesian
  • Sino-Tibetan
  • Indo-European
  • Afro-Asiatic
  • Nuclear Trans New Guinea
  • Otomanguean
  • Austroasiatic
  • Tai-Kadai
  • Pama-Nyungan

Everything else

  • All other families Smaller families, isolates and unclassified languages.
  • Point A language with no area map. The dot sits at its Glottolog position, in its family colour.

How to read the map. Each colour is a language family: a group of languages that share a common ancestor. The ten largest families have their own colour and every other family is grey. Areas are see-through, so where two languages share a place the colours mix. Tap anywhere to list every language whose area covers that spot. Areas are generalisations drawn from published atlases, many of them decades old, and cities are multilingual, so an area never says that everyone there speaks the language. A dot marks a language that has no area map. The family name is always given in words, because colour alone is hard to tell apart for some people.

Where Southern Sotho is spoken

Southern Sotho is spoken in 2 countries: South Africa and Lesotho. The table gives the share of each country’s people who speak it, from Unicode CLDR, where CLDR has a figure.

CountryShare of populationEstimated speakers
South Africa7.9%4,774,965
Lesotho98%2,182,999

Estimated speakers are the CLDR percentage applied to CLDR’s own population figure for the country, so they are rough. A country without a figure may still have speakers: it is listed because the language area, or Glottolog’s record, reaches it.

On the map, Southern Sotho is drawn as an area from Asher and Moseley 2007. The area was digitised by the Glottography project (doi:10.5281/zenodo.18613195), and the atlas is cited on the data sources page. Language areas are generalisations, and cities and borderlands are multilingual, so the outline does not mean that everyone inside it speaks Southern Sotho.

How many people speak Southern Sotho?

Wikidata gives about 6 million speakers (Wikidata, with no source given). These figures are approximate: they come from different sources, years and definitions of a speaker.

Status: Not endangered. Glottolog lists it as not endangered: it is still being passed on to children.

Where Southern Sotho sits in the language family tree

Glottolog classifies Southern Sotho as follows, from the largest family down to the language itself.

  1. Atlantic-Congo
  2. Volta-Congo
  3. Benue-Congo
  4. Bantoid
  5. Southern Bantoid
  6. Narrow Bantu
  7. East Bantu
  8. Southern Bantu
  9. Nuclear Southern Bantu
  10. Dimsuffix Southern Bantu
  11. Sotho-Tswana (S.30)
  12. Western Sotho-Tswana
  13. Central Sotho-Tswana
  14. Sesotho-Lozi
  15. Southern Sotho

Related languages

Other languages in the Sesotho-Lozi group:

  • Lozi (600,000 speakers)

More about Southern Sotho

Codes: ISO 639-3 sot, Glottolog sout2807. Glottolog macroarea: Africa.

Questions about Southern Sotho

Where is Southern Sotho spoken?

Southern Sotho is spoken in South Africa and Lesotho. Unicode CLDR puts it at 7.9% of the population of South Africa, which is about 4,774,965 people. On the map it is shown as an area from Asher and Moseley 2007.

How many people speak Southern Sotho?

Wikidata gives about 6 million speakers (Wikidata, with no source given). Speaker numbers are approximate and differ between sources: counting who is a speaker, and whether to include second-language speakers, is not settled.

Which language family is Southern Sotho in?

Glottolog places Southern Sotho in the Atlantic-Congo family, in the branch Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern Bantoid, Narrow Bantu, East Bantu, Southern Bantu, Nuclear Southern Bantu, Dimsuffix Southern Bantu, Sotho-Tswana (S.30), Western Sotho-Tswana, Central Sotho-Tswana and Sesotho-Lozi.

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