World Language Map

Languages spoken in Mongolia

15 living languages are mapped in Mongolia. The most widely spoken, by Unicode CLDR’s estimate, is Halh Mongolian (93% of the population). They belong to 5 language families, the largest being Mongolic-Khitan (8 languages).

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The filter only changes what is drawn. Tap the map to list every language at a spot, whichever family is shown. You can also pick any family from its own page.

Key

Language families (largest ten)

  • Atlantic-Congo
  • Austronesian
  • Sino-Tibetan
  • Indo-European
  • Afro-Asiatic
  • Nuclear Trans New Guinea
  • Otomanguean
  • Austroasiatic
  • Tai-Kadai
  • Pama-Nyungan

Everything else

  • All other families Smaller families, isolates and unclassified languages.
  • Point A language with no area map. The dot sits at its Glottolog position, in its family colour.

How to read the map. Each colour is a language family: a group of languages that share a common ancestor. The ten largest families have their own colour and every other family is grey. Areas are see-through, so where two languages share a place the colours mix. Tap anywhere to list every language whose area covers that spot. Areas are generalisations drawn from published atlases, many of them decades old, and cities are multilingual, so an area never says that everyone there speaks the language. A dot marks a language that has no area map. The family name is always given in words, because colour alone is hard to tell apart for some people.

Languages of Mongolia at a glance

  • 15living languages
  • 5language families
  • 3.3 millionpeople (CLDR estimate)
  • 4with a CLDR share

Tap the map to list every language whose area covers a spot in Mongolia. Areas are generalisations from published atlases and overlap, and a language that is mapped here is not necessarily spoken everywhere inside its area.

Languages spoken in Mongolia

Languages with a Unicode CLDR share come first, biggest first by estimated speakers; the rest follow A to Z. Estimated speakers are the share applied to CLDR’s own population figure for the country.

LanguageFamilyShare of populationEstimated speakersStatus
Halh MongolianMongolic-Khitan93%3,051,962Not endangered
KazakhTurkic7.2%236,281Not endangered
Mandarin ChineseSino-Tibetan1.4%45,944Not endangered
RussianIndo-European0.1%3,938Not endangered
China BuriatMongolic-KhitanThreatened
DagurMongolic-KhitanShifting
EvenkiTungusicShifting
Khamnigan MongolMongolic-KhitanMoribund
Mongolia BuriatMongolic-KhitanThreatened
Oirad-Kalmyk-DarkhatMongolic-KhitanThreatened
Peripheral MongolianMongolic-KhitanThreatened
Russia BuriatMongolic-KhitanShifting
Southern AltaiTurkicShifting
TuvinianTurkicNot endangered
UighurTurkicNot endangered

Read more: where is Halh Mongolian spoken?

Language families in Mongolia

About these numbers

The list of languages in Mongolia comes from the overlap of Glottography and Glottolog language areas and positions with the country outline, together with the languages Glottolog assigns to the country. The shares come from Unicode CLDR release 48 and are estimates. See every source and licence.

Questions about languages in Mongolia

How many languages are spoken in Mongolia?

15 living languages are mapped in Mongolia, from 5 families. The number depends on how a catalogue decides where one language ends and another begins, so other sources give other totals.

What is the most spoken language in Mongolia?

By Unicode CLDR's estimate, Halh Mongolian is spoken by 93% of the population, about 3,051,962 people, followed by Kazakh (7.2%). Shares are approximate, can add up to more than 100% because many people speak several languages, and only cover languages CLDR has a figure for.

Which language families are found in Mongolia?

Mongolic-Khitan (8 languages), Turkic (4 languages), Sino-Tibetan (1 language), Indo-European (1 language) and Tungusic (1 language).

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