World Language Map

Languages spoken in Estonia

12 living languages are mapped in Estonia. The most widely spoken, by Unicode CLDR’s estimate, is Estonian (71% of the population). They belong to 3 language families, the largest being Uralic (5 languages).

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The filter only changes what is drawn. Tap the map to list every language at a spot, whichever family is shown. You can also pick any family from its own page.

Key

Language families (largest ten)

  • Atlantic-Congo
  • Austronesian
  • Sino-Tibetan
  • Indo-European
  • Afro-Asiatic
  • Nuclear Trans New Guinea
  • Otomanguean
  • Austroasiatic
  • Tai-Kadai
  • Pama-Nyungan

Everything else

  • All other families Smaller families, isolates and unclassified languages.
  • Point A language with no area map. The dot sits at its Glottolog position, in its family colour.

How to read the map. Each colour is a language family: a group of languages that share a common ancestor. The ten largest families have their own colour and every other family is grey. Areas are see-through, so where two languages share a place the colours mix. Tap anywhere to list every language whose area covers that spot. Areas are generalisations drawn from published atlases, many of them decades old, and cities are multilingual, so an area never says that everyone there speaks the language. A dot marks a language that has no area map. The family name is always given in words, because colour alone is hard to tell apart for some people.

Languages of Estonia at a glance

  • 12living languages
  • 3language families
  • 1.2 millionpeople (CLDR estimate)
  • 5with a CLDR share

Tap the map to list every language whose area covers a spot in Estonia. Areas are generalisations from published atlases and overlap, and a language that is mapped here is not necessarily spoken everywhere inside its area.

Languages spoken in Estonia

Languages with a Unicode CLDR share come first, biggest first by estimated speakers; the rest follow A to Z. Estimated speakers are the share applied to CLDR’s own population figure for the country.

LanguageFamilyShare of populationEstimated speakersStatus
EstonianUralic71%847,591Not endangered
RussianIndo-European56%668,522Not endangered
EnglishIndo-European50%596,895Not endangered
FinnishUralic21%250,696Not endangered
South EstonianUralic5.7%68,046Shifting
ChuvashTurkicThreatened
Eastern YiddishIndo-EuropeanNot endangered
ErzyaUralicShifting
Estonian SwedishIndo-EuropeanNearly extinct
IngrianUralicMoribund
LatvianIndo-EuropeanThreatened
TatarTurkicNot endangered

Read more: where is Estonian spoken?

Language families in Estonia

About these numbers

The list of languages in Estonia comes from the overlap of Glottography and Glottolog language areas and positions with the country outline, together with the languages Glottolog assigns to the country. The shares come from Unicode CLDR release 48 and are estimates. See every source and licence.

Questions about languages in Estonia

How many languages are spoken in Estonia?

12 living languages are mapped in Estonia, from 3 families. The number depends on how a catalogue decides where one language ends and another begins, so other sources give other totals.

What is the most spoken language in Estonia?

By Unicode CLDR's estimate, Estonian is spoken by 71% of the population, about 847,591 people, followed by Russian (56%). Shares are approximate, can add up to more than 100% because many people speak several languages, and only cover languages CLDR has a figure for.

Which language families are found in Estonia?

Uralic (5 languages), Indo-European (5 languages) and Turkic (2 languages).

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